Pushrod vs pullrod
F1 cars use either pushrod or pullrod suspension systems. In a pushrod system, the wheel's vertical movement pushes a rod upward, which activates the spring and damper unit. In a pullrod system, the wheel's movement pulls a rod downward to achieve the same effect.
Pushrod systems are more common because they are easier to package and maintain. Pullrod systems, favored by Red Bull for several years, offer a lower center of gravity and better aerodynamic efficiency but are more complex to design and manufacture.
The aerodynamic connection
F1 suspension is not just about keeping the car on the road — it is about maintaining a consistent ride height for the aerodynamic components. The floor, diffuser, and front wing all depend on precise ride heights to function optimally. A change of just a few millimeters can alter the car's downforce by several percent.
This is why F1 suspension is so stiff — it needs to keep the car at a consistent height even under enormous cornering forces. The trade-off is that the car is less comfortable over bumps, which can cause the car to lose grip on uneven surfaces.
The active suspension era
From 1987 to 1993, F1 teams used active suspension systems that could adjust ride height and damping in real time. The technology was incredibly advanced — Williams' active suspension system in 1992 was so effective that Nigel Mansell won the championship with ease.
But the FIA banned active suspension in 1994, believing it had gone too far in removing the driver's role in controlling the car. The ban remains in place today.
The 2026 challenge
In the 2026 era, with lighter cars and less downforce, suspension design has become even more critical. The reduced aerodynamic load means the suspension must work harder to maintain mechanical grip, and the lighter cars are more sensitive to suspension geometry changes.